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論文
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千葉, 正司
概要:
1.解剖実習体224体448側において、仙骨神経叢の枝が梨状筋を貫通、もしくは梨状筋上孔を通る異常は合計178側(40%)、梨状筋と中殿筋の移行筋束は9側(2%)、M.tenuissimusは3側(0.7%)に出現した。2.仙骨神経叢各枝と
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梨状筋の位置的関係は、I型～XIII型の13系32群に分類できる。梨状筋を神経が貫通しないI型(正常例)は270側(60%)、下殿神経の一部が貫通するIII型は10側、下殿神経と後大腿皮神経の一部が貫通するIV型は6側、下殿神経と総腓骨神経が貫通するV型は47例(10%)、下殿・後大腿皮・総腓骨の3神経がともに貫通するVI型～IX型は合計99側(22%)、3神経のほかに脛骨神経も貫通すると考えられるX型は4例、梨状筋上孔を神経が通過するXI型～XIII型は合計9例(2%)、に認めた。貫通するものの分類不能が3例ある。II型は、上殿神経の一部が梨状筋を貫通する場合で、これは上記のいずれの型にも合併して出現した。従来の浦(1962)、山田・萬年(1985)の分類によると、今回の全調査例の80%しか捕捉できないことが判明した。また、個々の神経の全成分が、単独で梨状筋を貫通する場合は1例も存在しなかった。3.仙骨神経叢の梨状筋貫通現象は、助骨弓の形態、第12助骨の長さ、仙前椎の構成、岬角の形態、分岐神経の形態、仙腸関節の高さ、ヤコビ-線の高さ、梨状筋の起始高、などに見られる位置的変動(ズレ)との間に、有意な相関を示さなかった。それゆえ、梨状筋貫通は、脊柱・腰仙骨神経叢・下肢帯などの変動とは独立した現象であることが示唆された。この点は、梨状筋の筋構築と支配神経の観点から精査する必要がある。4.線維解析によると、仙骨神経叢の背側面では、背側から下殿神経、総腓骨神経、後大腿皮神経の順に層構築を形成するものの、それらの起始は完全に分離することなく互いに線維連絡を有することが明らかにされた。<br />平成3年度科学研究費補助金(一般研究(C))研究成果報告書,課題番号:02670002
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| 2.
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兼子, 直
概要:
平成7年度～平成8年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(A)(1))研究成果報告書 ; 課題番号:07307013<br />本文ははしがき・研究発表等のみ，p.11-212の雑誌別刷は未掲載
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兼子, 直
概要:
平成7年度科学研究費補助金(一般研究B)研究成果報告書 ; 課題番号:05454309<br />本文ははしがき・研究発表等のみ，p.13-364の別刷は未掲載
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兼子, 直
概要:
第8回国際抗てんかん連盟｢遺伝･妊娠･その子ども｣委員(平成2年7月10日～7月16日, ロサンゼルス)
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加地, 隆
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Kitahara, Haruo ; Watanabe, Akira ; Togawa, Kazuhiro
概要:
Synthetic routes are described a new protecting glucopyranoside. 1,2,3, 4-tetra-O(4-methoxyphenylmethyl) -a-D-glucopyranoside. This compound was synthesized via sixsteps and may be interesting as a building block for the
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synthesis of Oligosaccharides.
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Kitahara, Haruo ; Arai, Ken-ichiro
概要:
Two new copper reagents containg sulfur atom are described. Although there have been manyreports on the copper reagents.
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little is known on the disulfinyl copper reagents. In thiscommunication, we wish to report conjugate addition reactions of two new copper reagents toα,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Masaki, Shinzo
概要:
Crickets are convenient systems for studying life-cycle evolution. They show a considerable diversity in life-cycle types, being homodynamic in some parts of the tropics and heterodynamic with various kinds of diapause and other
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regulatory responses in the temperate region. Crickets are relatively free from constraints by food supply, because they are omnivorous. Therefore, their geographical variation may clearly reflect climatic selection as exemplified by latitudinal dines in adult size, egg size and ovipositor length. These morphometric dines are closely related to development time, egg diapause and photoperiodic responses, indicating that crickets are highly variable within the framework of their species-specific patterns of life cycle. More fundamental variation is divergence in life-cycle pattern that may be associated with speciation, because closely related species are often different in their life-cycle patterns (e.g., homodynamic versus heterodynamic, or egg overwintering versus larval overwintering). Evolutionary flexibility of life-cycle traits may be assessed by studying cricket populations under special natural or artificial conditions. In Japan, a population of the nemobiine cricket (Dianemobius mikado) introduced from a temperate to a subtropical island has almost lost egg diapause presumably in the last 130 years. At volcanic geothermal spots in the northern island (Hokkaido), presumptive relict populations of the nemobiine species Dianemobius nigrofasciatus occur and sing in mid-winter, but this cricket retains the photoperiodic response of a southern bivoltine type. In the subtropical nemobiine D. fascipes, artificial selection has been effective in changing the incidence and depth of diapause, and strains comparable to the tropical and temperate forms were established. The responsiveness to photoperiod in wing-form determination was also remarkably changed by selection, but this change was not associated with a change in critical photoperiod. Alternated selection in the opposite directions at photoperiods above and below the critical value to be selected was necessary to shift the critical photoperiod.
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Masaki, Shinzo
概要:
To stimulate further study on seasonal adaptations in insects, two hypotheses are proposed, one accounting for latitudinal variations in diapause intensity and the other pertaining to the phenotypic plasticity of critical photoperiod
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for diapause induction. (1) In some species with constant voltinism, diapause intensity increases southward to cope with higher risks of untimely termination of diapause before winter. In other species with variable voltinism, it decreases southward presumably because of stronger selection for nondiapause phenotypes and positive correlations between diapause intensity and incidence. (2) Clinal variations of critical photoperiod for diapause induction may be mimicked by phenotypic responses to temperature. Such plasticity expands the latitudinal range of adaptation. In a noctuid moth, the critical photoperiod is increased by long photoperiods in the early stage of development, so that photoperiod itself may also be involved in phenotypic adaptation to climatic gradients.
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正木, 進三
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