| 1.
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Kitahara, Haruo ; Watanabe, Akira ; Togawa, Kazuhiro
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Synthetic routes are described a new protecting glucopyranoside. 1,2,3, 4-tetra-O(4-methoxyphenylmethyl) -a-D-glucopyranoside. This compound was synthesized via sixsteps and may be interesting as a building block for the
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synthesis of Oligosaccharides.
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| 2.
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Kitahara, Haruo ; Arai, Ken-ichiro
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Two new copper reagents containg sulfur atom are described. Although there have been manyreports on the copper reagents.
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little is known on the disulfinyl copper reagents. In thiscommunication, we wish to report conjugate addition reactions of two new copper reagents toα,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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| 3.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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Series of experiments have been carried out with eggs of the Emma field cricket (=Gryllulus mitratus in former publicati
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ons) in order to analyse the effects of temperature in early stages of development on the intensity of diapause, which supervenes at around the time the eggs absorb water. In the first series, batches of pre-diapause eggs were first exposed to different temperatures, respectively, and after the completion of water uptake each batch was further divided and transferred to temperatures of the second exposure for hatching. The results show that the higher the temperature in the first exposure, the longer was the hatching time at each temperature of the second exposure. When pre-diapause eggs had initially been kept at different temperatures and, soon after the onset of diapause, were subjected to cold exposure (6℃), the median effective duration of this treatment for the rupture of diapause was strikingly shorter in those eggs first kept at a low temperature (20℃) than in those kept at a high (30℃). From this it was concluded that the preliminary temperature treatment affects the intensity of diapause. In further experiments, eggs were first exposed to a high temperature for different periods, or for the same period (one week) in different stages, and kept at a low temperature in the remaining stages. From the record of their hatching time, it was suggested that the eggs were responsive to the diapause-intensifying action of high temperature in the late pre-diapause and early diapause stages.
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| 4.
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Masaki, Shinzo
概要:
A northern (Sapporo) and a southern (Koti) strain of the Emma field cricket (Teleogryllus sp.) were reared for three successive generations in the laboratory, and the characters responsible for the seasonal rhythm of their
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development were investigated. It was found that the embryonic diapause was obligate in both strains, but that the eggs of the northern strain were able to complete diapause at a lower temperature and also in a much shorter time than were those of the southern strain. The rate of post-diapause embryonic and nymphal development was again more rapid in the northern than in the southern strain. The northern adults tended to be smaller in body size than the southern ones, and this difference seemed to be related to their different rates of development. F 1 hybrids obtained by intercrossing of the second generation adults of the two strains were physiologically, as well as morphologically, intermediate between the parent strains, and it was suggested that the polygenes controlling the rate of nymphal development might be located in the autosomes and X-chromosome. From these results it is concluded that in the Emma field cricket the adaptation of the seasonal rhythm of development to local climatic conditions is genetically controlled. The implication of this variability was discussed to a certain extent.
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| 5.
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Masaki, Shinzo
概要:
Crickets are convenient systems for studying life-cycle evolution. They show a considerable diversity in life-cycle types, being homodynamic in some parts of the tropics and heterodynamic with various kinds of diapause and other
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regulatory responses in the temperate region. Crickets are relatively free from constraints by food supply, because they are omnivorous. Therefore, their geographical variation may clearly reflect climatic selection as exemplified by latitudinal dines in adult size, egg size and ovipositor length. These morphometric dines are closely related to development time, egg diapause and photoperiodic responses, indicating that crickets are highly variable within the framework of their species-specific patterns of life cycle. More fundamental variation is divergence in life-cycle pattern that may be associated with speciation, because closely related species are often different in their life-cycle patterns (e.g., homodynamic versus heterodynamic, or egg overwintering versus larval overwintering). Evolutionary flexibility of life-cycle traits may be assessed by studying cricket populations under special natural or artificial conditions. In Japan, a population of the nemobiine cricket (Dianemobius mikado) introduced from a temperate to a subtropical island has almost lost egg diapause presumably in the last 130 years. At volcanic geothermal spots in the northern island (Hokkaido), presumptive relict populations of the nemobiine species Dianemobius nigrofasciatus occur and sing in mid-winter, but this cricket retains the photoperiodic response of a southern bivoltine type. In the subtropical nemobiine D. fascipes, artificial selection has been effective in changing the incidence and depth of diapause, and strains comparable to the tropical and temperate forms were established. The responsiveness to photoperiod in wing-form determination was also remarkably changed by selection, but this change was not associated with a change in critical photoperiod. Alternated selection in the opposite directions at photoperiods above and below the critical value to be selected was necessary to shift the critical photoperiod.
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| 6.
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Masaki, Shinzo
概要:
The ground cricket, tentatively identified as Pteronemobius tapro-banensis WALKER, regulates its egg diapause, growth ra
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te, and wing form in response to photoperiod. These responses seem to be physiologically independent of one another, for each of them shows not only a photoperiodic curve, but also a geographic pattern, of its own. Geographic variations in diapause and development indicate at least three different life cycles. (i) A univoltine cycle with eggoverwintering would be prevalent to the north of about 35°N, because the egg enters diapause even in long days (>14 hr), and the nymph controls its growth by a response of short-day type. (ii) A multivoltine cycle with egg-overwintering would be common between 28 and 35°N, because the egg averts diapause in long days, and the long-day retardation of nymphal growth is somewhat reduced. (iii) A multivoltine cycle with nymphal overwintering would occur to the south of about 28°N, because the egg diapause is virtually absent and the nymphal growth is retarded in short days (<14 hr). The last type probably represents a distinct species.
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| 7.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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To stimulate further study on seasonal adaptations in insects, two hypotheses are proposed, one accounting for latitudinal variations in diapause intensity and the other pertaining to the phenotypic plasticity of critical photoperiod
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for diapause induction. (1) In some species with constant voltinism, diapause intensity increases southward to cope with higher risks of untimely termination of diapause before winter. In other species with variable voltinism, it decreases southward presumably because of stronger selection for nondiapause phenotypes and positive correlations between diapause intensity and incidence. (2) Clinal variations of critical photoperiod for diapause induction may be mimicked by phenotypic responses to temperature. Such plasticity expands the latitudinal range of adaptation. In a noctuid moth, the critical photoperiod is increased by long photoperiods in the early stage of development, so that photoperiod itself may also be involved in phenotypic adaptation to climatic gradients.
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| 8.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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| 9.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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| 10.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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| 11.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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| 12.
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Masaki, Shinzo
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| 13.
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Martin, Burton Edwards
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| 14.
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Fukuda, Tsutomu
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| 15.
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Bush, Henry C.
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| 16.
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Imazawa, Masao
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| 17.
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Fukuda, Tsutomu
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| 18.
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Donoghue, John D.
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| 19.
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Imazawa, Masao
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| 20.
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Fukuda, Tsutomu
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| 21.
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Fujishima, Tonomo
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| 22.
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Yamada, Taiji
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| 23.
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Imazawa, Masao
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| 24.
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Saito, Takeo
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| 25.
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Nagano, Takashi
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| 26.
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Nakane, Yoshibumi ; Kaneko, Sunao
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The incidences of various complications during pregnancy are not significantlydifferent between epileptic and nonepileptic mothers in the majority of papersso far reported. More than 70 to 80010 of women with epilepsy
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will have no change inseizure frequency, while 5010 will have fewer seizures than before and the remaining patientswill have more seizures during pregnancy provided that their drug compliance isgood. Intrauterine growth, in particular, of head circumference of fetus is delayed.However, this retardation disappears within few years after birth. The risk of congenitalmalformations of the offspring born to treated epileptic mothers is greater than inthe general population. Among risk factors for teratogenesis that had been consideredto date, only antiepileptic drug (AED)-related factors had proved to be significantly relatedto the occurrence of malformations. Among AEDs, methylphenobarbital, valproate,primidone, carbamazepine and phenytoin are teratogenic, particularly when they areused in combination. Follow up EEG of children born to epileptic mothers revealed thatthe incidence of abnormal EEG was 44010, and 28 to 38010 showed epileptiform patterns.Only 7010 of offspring had epileptic seizures. In the offspring without clinical seizuresrevealed that most of the epileptiform patterns disappear after the age 10. Recommendationsconcerning AED therapy during pregnancy are also discussed.
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| 27.
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Mariya, Yasushi ; Streffer, Christian ; Abe, Yoshinao
概要:
To investigate the applicability of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus（MN）assay to assess combined effects of irradiatio
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n and cisplatin, the quantitative relationship between the induced MN frequency and clonogenic survival by colony forming assay was estimated using the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line PECA 4197. First, the MN frequencies induced by cisplatin treatment alone, at various concentrations, were examined and compared with the corresponding clonogenic survival. Secondly, cells were irradiated with and without cisplatin pretreatment and compared. Treatment with cisplatin alone exhibited a dose-dependent increase of induced MN frequency, at concentrations of 0-1.0μg/ml and a treatment time of 180min, with a significant relation to dose-dependently decreased clonogenic survival. Irradiation after cisplatin pretreatment (0.25μg/ml, 180min) resulted in a higher MN frequency than either irradiation or cisplatin alone and also than simple addition of the single effects after 2 and 4Gy X-rays, suggesting a chemoradiosensitization. There was a significant correlation of the induced MN frequency with clonogenic survival for the combined effects of irradiation and cisplatin as well as for cisplatin or irradiation treatment alone. These results suggest that the induced MN frequency is a reliable quantitative measure to assess cell damage due to single or combined treatment with irradiation and cisplatin, Providing encouragement for clinical use of the cytokinesis-block MN assay as a predictive tool to optimize and individualize multidisciplinary tumor therapy.
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| 28.
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Mariya, Yasushi ; Watanabe, Sadao ; Kattoh, Keiichi ; Abe, Yoshinao ; Aoki, Masahiko ; Anbai, Akira ; Basaki, Kiyoshi ; Matsukura, Hiroaki ; Abo, Mitsuru ; Kondo, Hidehiro ; Shinkawa, Hideichi
概要:
Treatment outcome was evaluated for twenty-three patients with previously untreated T3N0-1 squamous cell carcinomas of
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the larynx，with special attention to laryngeal voice preservation. Fifteen patients underwent primary radiotherapy reserved for surgical salvage(PRT), and eight patients underwent surgery with pre-/postoperative radiotherapy(SR). The overal1 5-year cumulative survival rate was 55%, and the overall 5-year cumulative cause specific survival rate was 76%. There were no statistically significant differences between the PRT and SR groups, with respective 5-year cumulative survival rates of 66% and 39%, and for respective 5-year cumulative cause specific survival rates of 76% and 73%. Laryngeal voice preservation rates at 5-years follow-up were 62% and 0%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that PRT with high rate of laryngeal voice preservation should be the first choice for the management of T3N0-1 laryngeal carcinomas.
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| 29.
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Abe, Yoshinao ; Mariya, Yasushi ; Aoki, Masahiko
概要:
In this paper, present status and prospects of therapeutic radiology in Department of Radiology are reviewed. The clinic
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al outcomes of head and neck cancers are summarized and radiotherapeutic advantages of other cancers are described. Since three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, that will be introduced in our hospital in the near future, will realize the superior dose distribution clinically, we will be able to prescribe Sufficient dose to the tumor target volume with less dose to the surrounding normal tissue. We expect more effective outcomes of radiation therapy from this methods. Biologically, predictive assays that optimize cancer treatment are important and proliferative capacity, survival assay of the cancer cells, capacity of the repair and tumor oxygen status are being studied. Accelerated proliferation during fractions that is observed clinically is one of the factors of radioresistance. Some strategies to overcome accelerated proliferation are postulated; accelerated fractionation, chemotherapy, during radiation therapy and heavy ion therapy. We are also studying accelerated proliferation clinically and experimentally. These works will improve the cancer treatment more efficiently in the future.
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| 30.
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Kachi, Takashi ; Suzuki, Takao ; Yanagisawa, Michiro ; Kimura, Naomasa ; Irie, Tomoyuki
概要:
Recently, since the pineal hormone, melatonin, has been found also in the gut, pineal-gut relationshave drawn attention of many researchers. In this review, effects of melatonin on the mobility and length ofthe gut and its lymphoid
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tissue were discussed. It has been shown that melatonin from either enterochromaffinor pineal (or both) cells influences gut smooth muscles directly and indirectly, depending on the dose, animal'sconditions, gut region, etc.. High doses of melatonin appear to act inhibitorily on the spontaneous or5-HT-induced contraction by the Ca2+-related, K+-channel-mediated mechanism and elongate the gut length,and can stimulate Payer's patches. From the experiments using pinealectomy, melatonin, and other hormonesand their receptor antagonists, it was shown that melatonin can act stimulatively on gut smooth muscles andshorten the gut length. Such a flexible nature of melatonin's effects seems to be important in animals'physiological and pathological adaptation mechanisms and in evading the overincrease in size and complexityof these mechanisms.
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| 31.
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Nakagawa, Kouichi ; Katsuki, Akio ; Kubota-Tero, Shozo ; Tsuchihashi, Nobuaki ; Fujita, Teizo
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We have studied nanosecond kinetics of the hydrated electron (e(aq)(-)) generated by laser excitation of phenothiazine (PTH) in the presence of quinone in SDS solution using FT EPR. Using two different quinones, idebenone (IDB) and
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CoQ(0), we have observed the unique photochemical processes due to the micellar effect in the system. The analyses of FT EPR results suggested that IDB with the long alkyl alcohol chain at the 6-position became the corresponding anion radical by quenching of e(aq)(-) On the other hand, CoQ(0), without the long chain, was reduced by two processes, quenching of e(aq)(-) and direct electron transfer from the triplet precursor. Moreover, the distinctive dispersive pattern, which implied the radical pair of [PTH.+...e(aq)(-)], was observed at 30 ns after the excitation of PTH in IDB/SDS micellar system but was not observed for CoQ(0).
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| 32.
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四宮, 俊之
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Translated by Donald W. Burton
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| 33.
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Kamada, D.Raurel Daian
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| 34.
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Itoh, Moriyuki
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| 35.
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Asao, Uichi
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| 36.
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Murata, Shunichi
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| 37.
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Ito, Yoichi
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| 38.
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Hidano, Yutaka
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| 39.
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Itoh, Shigeharu
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We prove the local existence of weak solutions to the initial~boundaryvalue problem with a nonnegative initial density for a nonhomogeneous viscous incompressiblefluid.
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| 40.
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奥野, 忠徳
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It is generally believed that the locative variant of the 'spray-paint' construction makesthe object NP partitive in a certain sense while the transposed one makes it holistic.Arguing that there are in fact many more
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factors operative, this paper attempts to get aclearer perspective on the issue.
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| 41.
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奥野, 忠徳
概要:
We will be concerned in this paper with Topicalization (TOP) and Left Dislocation (LD)in syntax and discourse. Syntactically, the sentence-initial NP in LD is arguably moredetached from the S which follows than that in TOP. Viewed
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from the discourse angle,TOP has two distinct functions, whereas LD has only one basic function, which, however,takes on different nuances depending on the contexts in which it appears.
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| 42.
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Itoh, Shigeharu
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We give a sufficient condition on the uniqueness in the Cauchy problem fora system of nonlinear equations related to one dimensional motion of viscous isentropicgas.
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| 43.
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奥野, 忠徳
概要:
It has been pointed out that the concept of empathy plays a pivotal role in the semanticsof such verbs as kuru (to come) and iku (to go). But few works seem to have beensuccessful in coming up with a system rigid and comprehensive enough to
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account for it.We propose here three sets of hypotheses to that end: (a) an empathy-related hypothesisabout the inherent meanings of kuru and iku, (b) an empathy hierarchy, and (c) a set ofauxiliary principles that determine pragmatically which participants in the event thespeaker is liable to empathize with. It is shown how these three modules of hypothesesinteract in a complex, but interesting way to account for a wide range of data.
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| 44.
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Itoh, Shigeharu
概要:
It is shown here that the Cauchy problem for the Euler equations of a nonhomogeneousideal incompressible fluid has a unique solution for a small time interval. The existenceof a solution is established by applying the method of
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the semi Galerkin approximations.
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| 45.
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Itoh, Shigeharu
概要:
We investigate the Cauchy problem for Euler and Navier-Stokes equationsof a nonhomogeneous incompressible fluid in IR3. The unique solvability on a small timeinterval independent of viscosity is proved, and moreover, it is shown that
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the solution ofNavier-Stokes equations converges in some Hilbert space to the one of Euler equations asviscosity tends to zero.
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| 46.
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Itoh, Shigeharu
概要:
We consider the unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problemto the Euler equations for a nonhomogeneous incompressible fluid in a bounded or unboundeddomain in IR^3.
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| 47.
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Kato, Yoji ; Konishi, Teruko ; Mitsuishi, Yasushi
概要:
The oligosaccharide units of xyloglucans from some fruit vegetables were comparativelyanalyzed by enzymatic digestion followed by anion-exchange chromatography withpulsed amperometric detection. The enzymes used were a
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xyloglucan-specific endo-1, 4P-D- glucanase (xyloglucanase) from Penicillium sp. M 451 and an isoprimeveroseproducingoligoxyloglucan hydrolase from Eupenicillium sp. M9. The oligosaccharide unitsof the polysaccharides were XXXG, XXLG, XLXG, XXFG, XLLG, and XLFG [whereeach (1-4)-p-linked D-glucosyl residue in the backbone is given a one-letter code accordingto its substituents: G, p-D-G1c; X, a-D-Xyl-(l-6)-P-D-G1c; L, p-D-Gal-(l-2)-a-DXyl-(l-6)-P-D-G1c; F, a-L -Fuc-(l-2)-p-D-Gal-(l-2)-a-D-Xyl-(l-6)-P-D-G1c] in anapproximate molar ratio of 36 : 4 : 6 : 31 : 1 : 22 for cucumber, of 37 : 8 : 5 : 30 : 1 : 19 formung bean sprouts, and of 35 : 4 : 7 : 25 : 4 : 25 for pumpkin.
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