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Lee, Sangun ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Iwane, Kaori ; Iwasaki, Hiroki ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The changes in the anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters, neutrophil functions such asreactive oxygen species
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（ROS） production capability, phagocytic activity （PA） and the profile of mood state （POMS）were measured after 2-hours of judo training session for 24 male university freshmen judoists who had not done anytraining for a long period. As for neutrophil function, PA significantly decreased after the training compared with thepre-value, though ROS production capability did not change. The Depression, Tension and total mood disturbance （TMD） decreased significantly after the training. Furthermore, the change in blood sugar correlated positively withthe changes in the Depression, Fatigue and TMD. The change in creatine kinase was positively associated with thechange in the Confusion. The training negatively acted on the appearance of physiological fatigue, and positivelyacted on the appearance of mental fatigue, and some relationship between both. Furthermore, the typical responseof the neutrophil function （PA decrease and no change in ROS） does not coincide with the typical neutrophilcompensation pattern e.g. PA decrease and ROS increase may be due to the lack of training on the part of the subjects for the last 6 months.
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| 2.
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Hasebe, Tatsuya ; Umeda, Takashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Kudo, Junko ; Sematoo, Mariko ; Saito, Yuriko ; Hisada, Takayoshi ; Benno, Yoshimi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki ; Hakamada, Kenichi
概要:
Background and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between methane production and gut microbio
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ta in a general population. Methods: Total of 697 subjects（58±13 years, 261 men and 436 women）have participated in this study. Their breath methane and hydrogen concentration were measured after an overnight fasting using gas chromatography,and their gut bacterial component was analyzed using T-RFLP（Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism）method. All gut microbiota were divided into 28 operational taxonomic units（OTUs）according to its predominant bacterial groups. The breath methane concentration of above 10ppm and breath hydrogen concentration of above20ppm were considered positive. Subjects were divided into four groups;（1）Both negative: both methane and hydrogen were negative（2）CH₄only: only methane was positive（3）H₂only: only hydrogen was positive（4）Both positive: both hydrogen and methane were positive Results: OTU317（Prevotella）was significantly higher in CH₄only than both negative and H₂only. And OTU940（Clostridium subcluster XIVa and Enterobacteriales）was significantly lower in CH₄only than both negative and H₂only.Conclusions: OTU317 and OTU940 might affect the bacterial metabolism of methanogens.
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| 3.
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Miyazawa, Maki ; Kojima, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
Methylone, an analog of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine（MDMA）is a narcotic drug which is forbidden due to its abusabil
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ity. However, a detailed behavioral toxicity and rewarding effect of methylone has not yet been reported to this date. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity and addictive effects of methylone. In order to detect the stimulant effect to central nerous system, a mouse behavioral toxicity test and a conditioned place preference（CPP）test were conducted by administering mehtylone, MDMA and methamphetamine（MAP）.An immunohistochemical study was also performed to analyze ΔFosB, which is known to accumulate in the nucleus accumbens after chronic administration of the drugs of abuse. For determining the expression levels of ΔfosB mRNA in striatum, quantitative PCR analysis was also conducted by acute administration of methylone. Significant differences appeared in mice that were administered with 50 mg/kg and above of methylone. Methylone causes a similar qualitative behavioral effect as MAP, however not the same stereotyped behavior as MDMA. According to the result from CPP test, methylone of 2.5 mg/kg and above had shown a rewarding action. Chronic administration of methylone causes significant ΔFosB accumulation in the neurons of nucleus accumbens. Methylone and MDMA significantly induce ΔfosB mRNA in striatum. It is therefore suggested that methylone has psychoactive effects and can be considered as an addictive drug.
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| 4.
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Tsutaya, Shoji ; Sugimoto, Kazuhiro ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki ; Yasujima, Minoru
概要:
Gitelman’s syndrome （GS） is considered to be a rare disorder. To assess the prevalence of GS in theJapanese general pop
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ulation and the relationships between mutations of related genes and blood pressure, weperformed mutational analysis of the SLC12A3 gene on 1,567 subjects from Aomori Prefecture in northern Japan.Three GS mutations in SLC12A3, identified in the subjects with hypokalemia in a preliminary study were assessedby the TaqMan PCR method. We detected T180K, L849H and R919C missense mutations in 40, 49 and 57 subjects,respectively. The overall frequency of GS mutations was 8.9%. The mutant allele frequency of T180K, L849H andR919C was 1.3, 1.6 and 1.9%, respectively. GS mutant allele frequency in the 1,567 Japanese was more than 4.8%. Inaddition, subjects with L849H mutation had significantly lower systolic blood pressure when compared to subjectswith wild-type SLC12A3（ 121.8 ± 18.4 versus 127.8 ± 18.9 mmHg; P < 0.05）. In conclusion, the present results suggestthat the frequency of GS mutations is unexpectedly high, although GS is considered to be a rare disorder. The resultsalso suggest that loss-of-function in the SLC12A3 via the L849H mutation reduces blood pressure, thereby contributingto resistance to hypertension.
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| 5.
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Koeda, Shuhei ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Umeda, Takashi ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Sumigawa, Koshi ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Hirakawa, Yuichi ; Kamitani, Hidefumi ; Totsuka, Manabu ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to reveal the effects of physique, body composition, and lifestyles on bone m
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ineral density（ BMD） in the early teens. Subjects of the current study were 73 boys and 73 girls. Osteo-sono assessment index （OSI）, body mass index （BMI）, body fat percentage and fat-free mass index （FFMI）were measures. All subjects were measured at two points; 5th grade and 8th grade. The association between changes in these values and the OSI at 8th grade were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Positive correlations were observed between the OSI and exercise time/FFMI in both sexes. Furthermore, this trend was also observed between the OSI and BMI in boys. The results suggested that an increase in exercise time and FFMI are factors that may enhance BMD in both sexes. However, the increase in BMI was found to increase BMD only in boys. Such gender difference was suggested to be the result of what BMI represents for each group. For boys, increased BMI reflects the increasing amount of muscle mass, whereas for girls, it mainly reflects an increase in body fat. Therefore, muscle mass needs to be increased by long periods of exercise in order to increase BMD, especially in girls.
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| 6.
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Sumigawa, Koshi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Koeda, Shuhei ; Hirakawa, Yuichi ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Kamitani, Hidefumi ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
To clarify how osteoporosis is influenced by the period after menopause. Methods: Our participants comprised 756 females
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. We used a questionnaire to ask participants about their lifestyle, number of deliveries, and age at which menopause occurred. We measured bone density, body mass index （BMI）, body fat percentage（ BFP）, total body muscle index（ TBMI）, and lower limb muscle index（ LLMI） during each of the following periods: before menopause, up to 15 years after menopause, and more than 16 years after menopause. Results: TBMI, BMI and BFP were significantly higher in premenopausal participants with higher bone density. Furthermore, higher bone density was observed in participants who had given birth fewer times had a and higher frequency of exercise. TBMI, LLMI, BMI and BFP were significantly higher in participants up to 15 years after menopause with higher bone density, and a trend wherein they were higher in participants who had progressed significantly fewer years after menopause was observed. TBMI, LLMI and BMI were significantly higher in participants more than 16 years after menopause with higher bone density. Conclusion: Risk factors for osteoporosis differed according to the number of years after menopause. Especially for postmenopausal women, it is important to maintain/increase lower limb muscle mass.
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| 7.
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Iwama, Takanobu ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Iwasaki, Hiroki ; Watanabe, Kiyotaka ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Takahashi, Kazuyuki ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The epidemiological research was carried out to investigate the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity（
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baPWV） and atherosclerosis-related factors. Subjects were 1,730 Iwaki residents（ Aomori Prefecture, Japan） who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project between 2005 and 2010. They were divided into different genders and age group. The results were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with baPWV as a dependent variable, and atherosclerosis-related factors as independent variables. In male of the youngest age group, baPWV was found to have a significant positive correlation with the number of cigarette consumption per day. In female of the youngest age group, baPWV was found to have significant positive correlations with triglyceride and glucose levels, and a significant negative orrelation with frequency of exercise. Therefore, cigarette smoking in young male was suggested to be a major risk factor, and exercise habit in young female was suggested to be a preventive factor of atherosclerosis.
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| 8.
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Kurauchi, Shizuka ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Iwane, Kaori ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Sematoo, Mariko ; Hamano, Manabu ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosa causes chronic inflammation which induces atrophic gastritis （AG）, and cause
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s gastric cancer. It is suggested that selenium （Se） has preventive effects on gastric cancerincidence. However, the association between H. pylori infection/AG and the serum Se level has not yet been clarified. In this research, we investigated this association in a general population. The subjects were 728 people （252 men and 476 women） who participated in the health check-up during the Iwaki Health Promotion Project. The levels of IgG antibody for H. pylori in serum, H. pylori antigen in stools, serum pepsinogen I, serum pepsinogen II and serum Se concentration were measured. Serum Se level was decreased by both H. pylori infection and AG, and it negatively correlated with serum pepsinogen I level. Thus, this study suggests that AG with gastric cancer decreases serum pepsinogen I secretion, and leads to decreased absorption of Se.
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| 9.
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Tanaka, Mitsuhiro ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Kasai, Ritsuko ; Matsuda, Motoko ; Iwane, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Wada, Naoko ; Iwabuchi, Kensuke ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
We evaluated the effect of blood glucose level before transient physical exercise on an athlete’s physical condition and
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neutrophil functions. The changes and associations between blood glucose level immediately before training and neutrophil function at rest were investigated in female long-distance runners. Seventeen females in a university track team were divided into 2 groups by medial blood glucose levels: 9 subjects were in the high blood glucose group （HBG group） and 8 subjects in the low blood glucose group （LBG group）. Myogenic enzymes, immunoglobulines, complements and neutrophil function such as reactive oxygen species（ ROS） production capability were measured. The post-practice rate of change in ALT and C3 levels were significantly higher in the LBG group compared to the HBG group. At pre-practice, total ROS production capability was significantly lower in the HBG group compared to LBG group. Total ROS production capability increased significantly post-practice （“normal pattern”） in the HBG group, though it tended to decrease （“abnormal pattern”） in the LBG group. In conclusion, an adequate blood glucose level in athletes prior to exercise is suggested to be effective not only to supply energy to the body, but also to maintain normal immune function which is potentially suppressed during exercise.
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| 10.
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Takeishi, Yosuke ; Hasebe, Tatsuya ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Sawada, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Totsuka, Manabu ; Yoneda, Katsuro ; Suzukawa, Kazuhiro ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
An intensive training performed by athletes causes accumulation of physical fatigues, which leads to immunity depression
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and overtraining syndrome. Especially in endurance sports, physical fatigue tends to accumulate as it takes time to recover from physical conditions after the race or intensive training. In this study, we have investigated the conditions of marathon runners after one week of Ekiden （relay road race） according to the levels of muscle enzymes and serum opsonic activity （SOA）. Subjects were 28 top male runners in Japanese University Ekiden. Out of all 28 subjects, 11 of them who had a race before a week of investigation were considered as the race group, and the rest were considered as the control group. Although no significant difference were found in running distance and duration of training among the two groups, muscular enzyme levels were significantly high （p<0.05）,and SOA levels of LgCL, PH and AUC tended to be higher in the race group than the control group. This showed the higher damage of the muscle, and a possibility that it may have reflected the increase in ROS production in the race group compared to the control group. In conclusion, there was a possibility that the endurance of athletes were not fully recovered from the muscle fatigue causing increase of ROS production even after a week of the race. Therefore,long-distance runners were suggested to carry out a reduced amount of less-intense, less-frequent training with sufficient rests at least for a week after a race competition.
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