| 1.
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Lee, Sangun ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Iwane, Kaori ; Iwasaki, Hiroki ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The changes in the anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters, neutrophil functions such asreactive oxygen species
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（ROS） production capability, phagocytic activity （PA） and the profile of mood state （POMS）were measured after 2-hours of judo training session for 24 male university freshmen judoists who had not done anytraining for a long period. As for neutrophil function, PA significantly decreased after the training compared with thepre-value, though ROS production capability did not change. The Depression, Tension and total mood disturbance （TMD） decreased significantly after the training. Furthermore, the change in blood sugar correlated positively withthe changes in the Depression, Fatigue and TMD. The change in creatine kinase was positively associated with thechange in the Confusion. The training negatively acted on the appearance of physiological fatigue, and positivelyacted on the appearance of mental fatigue, and some relationship between both. Furthermore, the typical responseof the neutrophil function （PA decrease and no change in ROS） does not coincide with the typical neutrophilcompensation pattern e.g. PA decrease and ROS increase may be due to the lack of training on the part of the subjects for the last 6 months.
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| 2.
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Numazawa, Satomi ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Iwane, Kaori ; Inoue, Ryo ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The present study investigated the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis according to agein the general femal
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e population. Six hundred fifty-five females were divided into 3 different age groups and therelationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity （baPWV） and various obesity indices were investigated.In the youngest age group （20-39 years）, BMI, percentage body fat and abdominal circumference were positivelycorrelated with baPWV. In the middle-aged group （40-59 years）, all four obesity indices （BMI, percentage bodyfat, abdominal circumference and the waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）） were positively correlated with baPWV. However,baPWV was found to be negatively correlated with BMI only in the oldest age group （60 years and over）, thoughit was still positively correlated with WHR （but not abdominal circumference）. The reason for this may be due to agradual reduction of body weigh caused by some lifestyle-related diseases or aging. In this study, it was confirmedthat abdominal obesity is a key indicator of arteriosclerosis, though the importance of BMI （general obesity） as anindicator may depend on the generation. Furthermore, our results suggested that abdominal circumference and WHRmay have different significance as the indicators of arteriosclerosis.
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| 3.
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Yamai, Kiyonori ; Umeda, Takashi ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Tsuya, Ryosuke ; Hasebe, Tatsuya ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
We examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on neutrophil function during exercise loading.Neutrophil functions
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, namely the reactive oxygen species （ROS） production capability, neutrophil phagocytic activity（PA） and serum opsonic activity （SOA） were measured before and after a 2-hour unified loading exercise （ULE）both before and after a 7-day intensified training camp for 22 male judoists. The parameters were assessed neutrophilcount, myogenic enzymes, vitamin C in serum, SOA, PA, ROS production capability, body composition, and so on.Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; the VC group （daily diet supplementation of 1,500 mg vitamin C）and the Control group （no vitamin C supplementation）. The post-camp pre-ULE vitamin C level was higher in theVC group than in the Control group, though no such difference was seen at pre-camp. As for neutrophil function,although the typical changes seen following a single bout of normal exercise, namely an increase in SOA and ROS,and a decrease in PA, were recorded following the pre- and post-camp ULEs in both groups, significant differencein change rates were not seen between both groups. In conclusion, vitamin C supplementation had no significantinfluence on changes in neutrophil function.
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| 4.
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Hasebe, Tatsuya ; Umeda, Takashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Kudo, Junko ; Sematoo, Mariko ; Saito, Yuriko ; Hisada, Takayoshi ; Benno, Yoshimi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki ; Hakamada, Kenichi
概要:
Background and aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between methane production and gut microbio
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ta in a general population. Methods: Total of 697 subjects（58±13 years, 261 men and 436 women）have participated in this study. Their breath methane and hydrogen concentration were measured after an overnight fasting using gas chromatography,and their gut bacterial component was analyzed using T-RFLP（Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism）method. All gut microbiota were divided into 28 operational taxonomic units（OTUs）according to its predominant bacterial groups. The breath methane concentration of above 10ppm and breath hydrogen concentration of above20ppm were considered positive. Subjects were divided into four groups;（1）Both negative: both methane and hydrogen were negative（2）CH₄only: only methane was positive（3）H₂only: only hydrogen was positive（4）Both positive: both hydrogen and methane were positive Results: OTU317（Prevotella）was significantly higher in CH₄only than both negative and H₂only. And OTU940（Clostridium subcluster XIVa and Enterobacteriales）was significantly lower in CH₄only than both negative and H₂only.Conclusions: OTU317 and OTU940 might affect the bacterial metabolism of methanogens.
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| 5.
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Koeda, Shuhei ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Umeda, Takashi ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Sumigawa, Koshi ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Hirakawa, Yuichi ; Kamitani, Hidefumi ; Totsuka, Manabu ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to reveal the effects of physique, body composition, and lifestyles on bone m
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ineral density（ BMD） in the early teens. Subjects of the current study were 73 boys and 73 girls. Osteo-sono assessment index （OSI）, body mass index （BMI）, body fat percentage and fat-free mass index （FFMI）were measures. All subjects were measured at two points; 5th grade and 8th grade. The association between changes in these values and the OSI at 8th grade were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. Positive correlations were observed between the OSI and exercise time/FFMI in both sexes. Furthermore, this trend was also observed between the OSI and BMI in boys. The results suggested that an increase in exercise time and FFMI are factors that may enhance BMD in both sexes. However, the increase in BMI was found to increase BMD only in boys. Such gender difference was suggested to be the result of what BMI represents for each group. For boys, increased BMI reflects the increasing amount of muscle mass, whereas for girls, it mainly reflects an increase in body fat. Therefore, muscle mass needs to be increased by long periods of exercise in order to increase BMD, especially in girls.
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| 6.
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Sumigawa, Koshi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Koeda, Shuhei ; Hirakawa, Yuichi ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Kamitani, Hidefumi ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
To clarify how osteoporosis is influenced by the period after menopause. Methods: Our participants comprised 756 females
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. We used a questionnaire to ask participants about their lifestyle, number of deliveries, and age at which menopause occurred. We measured bone density, body mass index （BMI）, body fat percentage（ BFP）, total body muscle index（ TBMI）, and lower limb muscle index（ LLMI） during each of the following periods: before menopause, up to 15 years after menopause, and more than 16 years after menopause. Results: TBMI, BMI and BFP were significantly higher in premenopausal participants with higher bone density. Furthermore, higher bone density was observed in participants who had given birth fewer times had a and higher frequency of exercise. TBMI, LLMI, BMI and BFP were significantly higher in participants up to 15 years after menopause with higher bone density, and a trend wherein they were higher in participants who had progressed significantly fewer years after menopause was observed. TBMI, LLMI and BMI were significantly higher in participants more than 16 years after menopause with higher bone density. Conclusion: Risk factors for osteoporosis differed according to the number of years after menopause. Especially for postmenopausal women, it is important to maintain/increase lower limb muscle mass.
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| 7.
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Iino, Chikara ; Shimoyama, Tadashi ; Oyama, Takao ; Chiba, Daisuke ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Iwane, Kaori ; Fukuda, Shinsaku
概要:
Severe atrophic gastritis in aged Helicobacter pylori-positive patients leads to the decrease of the level of amount of
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H. pylori in gastric mucosa. Cut-off value for E-plate（ a serum H. pylori antibody kit） has been set regardless the age of the subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate appropriate cut-off values for E-plate in younger and elderly subjects. A total of 994 healthy adults who received a health survey in Iwaki area of Hirosaki City in 2005 were tested. We divided the subjects into two groups; the elderly group included 594 subjects who were born before 1950 and the younger group included 400 subjects who were born after 1950. We evaluated appropriate cut-off values of E-plate by stool antigen test as gold standard. The ROC curves showed the best cut-off level to be 12.5 U/ml （sensitivity: 94.2%, specificity: 84.0%） in elderly group and 14.5 U/ml（ sensitivity: 93.4%, specificity: 89.4%） in younger group. False positive results of E-plate were more frequent in elderly group （P < 0.001）. Cut-off values of E-plate should be decided according to the age of the subjects.
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| 8.
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Iwama, Takanobu ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Iwasaki, Hiroki ; Watanabe, Kiyotaka ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Takahashi, Kazuyuki ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The epidemiological research was carried out to investigate the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity（
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baPWV） and atherosclerosis-related factors. Subjects were 1,730 Iwaki residents（ Aomori Prefecture, Japan） who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project between 2005 and 2010. They were divided into different genders and age group. The results were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with baPWV as a dependent variable, and atherosclerosis-related factors as independent variables. In male of the youngest age group, baPWV was found to have a significant positive correlation with the number of cigarette consumption per day. In female of the youngest age group, baPWV was found to have significant positive correlations with triglyceride and glucose levels, and a significant negative orrelation with frequency of exercise. Therefore, cigarette smoking in young male was suggested to be a major risk factor, and exercise habit in young female was suggested to be a preventive factor of atherosclerosis.
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| 9.
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Ito, Haruyuki ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Lee, Sangun ; Itai, Kazuyoshi ; Fukui, Shinji ; Hamada, Naoko ; Saito, Yuriko ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
Objective: We investigated the relationship between trace element concentrations and neutrophil basalreactive oxygen spe
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cies（ ROS） production capability among the Japanese general population. Subjects and methods: Subjects of the current study were 606 participants（ 225 males and 381 females） who had participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2005. Body mass index, biochemical blood examination, neutrophilbasal ROS production and serum concentrations of trace element （Copper（Cu）, Zinc（Zn）, Iron（Fe）, Selenium（Se）） were measured. Each trace element was divided into 4 quartiles according to the concentration, and theneutrophil basal ROS production of each group was compared and analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between the concentration and neutrophil basal ROS production capability was assessed using a multiple linear regression analysis. Results: For both males and females, a tendency to low neutrophil ROS production associated with higher Se serum concentration was observed. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between the Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations and neutrophil basal ROS production capability. Conclusion: In conclusion, serum Se relieves oxidative stress through inhibiting neutrophil ROS production within a physiological range. On the other hand, our results suggested that neutrophil ROS production was unaffected by Cu, Zn and Fe concentrations within the normal physiological range.
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| 10.
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Kurauchi, Shizuka ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Iwane, Kaori ; Danjo, Kazuma ; Sematoo, Mariko ; Hamano, Manabu ; Kogawa, Terumi ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosa causes chronic inflammation which induces atrophic gastritis （AG）, and cause
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s gastric cancer. It is suggested that selenium （Se） has preventive effects on gastric cancerincidence. However, the association between H. pylori infection/AG and the serum Se level has not yet been clarified. In this research, we investigated this association in a general population. The subjects were 728 people （252 men and 476 women） who participated in the health check-up during the Iwaki Health Promotion Project. The levels of IgG antibody for H. pylori in serum, H. pylori antigen in stools, serum pepsinogen I, serum pepsinogen II and serum Se concentration were measured. Serum Se level was decreased by both H. pylori infection and AG, and it negatively correlated with serum pepsinogen I level. Thus, this study suggests that AG with gastric cancer decreases serum pepsinogen I secretion, and leads to decreased absorption of Se.
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| 11.
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Tanaka, Mitsuhiro ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Kasai, Ritsuko ; Matsuda, Motoko ; Iwane, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Wada, Naoko ; Iwabuchi, Kensuke ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
We evaluated the effect of blood glucose level before transient physical exercise on an athlete’s physical condition and
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neutrophil functions. The changes and associations between blood glucose level immediately before training and neutrophil function at rest were investigated in female long-distance runners. Seventeen females in a university track team were divided into 2 groups by medial blood glucose levels: 9 subjects were in the high blood glucose group （HBG group） and 8 subjects in the low blood glucose group （LBG group）. Myogenic enzymes, immunoglobulines, complements and neutrophil function such as reactive oxygen species（ ROS） production capability were measured. The post-practice rate of change in ALT and C3 levels were significantly higher in the LBG group compared to the HBG group. At pre-practice, total ROS production capability was significantly lower in the HBG group compared to LBG group. Total ROS production capability increased significantly post-practice （“normal pattern”） in the HBG group, though it tended to decrease （“abnormal pattern”） in the LBG group. In conclusion, an adequate blood glucose level in athletes prior to exercise is suggested to be effective not only to supply energy to the body, but also to maintain normal immune function which is potentially suppressed during exercise.
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| 12.
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Takeishi, Yosuke ; Hasebe, Tatsuya ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Sawada, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Totsuka, Manabu ; Yoneda, Katsuro ; Suzukawa, Kazuhiro ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
An intensive training performed by athletes causes accumulation of physical fatigues, which leads to immunity depression
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and overtraining syndrome. Especially in endurance sports, physical fatigue tends to accumulate as it takes time to recover from physical conditions after the race or intensive training. In this study, we have investigated the conditions of marathon runners after one week of Ekiden （relay road race） according to the levels of muscle enzymes and serum opsonic activity （SOA）. Subjects were 28 top male runners in Japanese University Ekiden. Out of all 28 subjects, 11 of them who had a race before a week of investigation were considered as the race group, and the rest were considered as the control group. Although no significant difference were found in running distance and duration of training among the two groups, muscular enzyme levels were significantly high （p<0.05）,and SOA levels of LgCL, PH and AUC tended to be higher in the race group than the control group. This showed the higher damage of the muscle, and a possibility that it may have reflected the increase in ROS production in the race group compared to the control group. In conclusion, there was a possibility that the endurance of athletes were not fully recovered from the muscle fatigue causing increase of ROS production even after a week of the race. Therefore,long-distance runners were suggested to carry out a reduced amount of less-intense, less-frequent training with sufficient rests at least for a week after a race competition.
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| 13.
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Nomura, Tadahiro ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Iwane, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Chiba, Yoshinobu ; Miyake, Ryosuke ; Konishi, Hiroyuki ; Tokuda, Itoyo ; Komatsu, Miho ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
We assessed the effects of L-glutamine intake on muscle tissues and neutrophil functions of judoists after intensive tra
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ining. Thirty-five male judoists of university student were divided into two groups; glutamine group （18 subjects） and placebo group （17 subjects）. During the 7-day intensive judo training camp, a total of 6 g of L-glutamine or placebo per day was given to each subject. Myogenic enzymes, reactive oxygen species （ROS） production capability and phagocyte activity （PA） of neutrophils were measured before and after the 2-hour intensive judo practice on the day before and after the training camp. As a result, at pre-practice, levels of all myogenic enzymes tended to be increased from pre-camp to post-camp in the control group （p<0.05 for CK; p<0.01 for AST, ALT and LDH）, whereas such trend was not seen in the glutamine group. Further, the changing rate（ before and after the practice） of ROS and PA tended to be lower in the glutamine group than in the control group after the training camp （p<0.05 for PA; p=0.10 for ROS）, however there were no significant differences in those between two groups before the training camp （p=0.25 for PA; p=0.28 for ROS）. In conclusion, intake of glutamine during an intensive judo training camp had a protective effect against damaged muscle functions and immune functions.
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| 14.
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Kudou, Hisashi ; Yaegaki, Makoto ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Umeda, Takashi ; Sawada, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Yamamoto, Yousuke ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
The relationship between neutrophil function and the muscles damage before and after exercise in judoists was examined.
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The changes in the body composition, biochemical parameters （neutrophil counts and myogenic enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） etc. and the major neutrophil immune functions such as oxidative burst activity （OBA） and phagocytic activity （PA） were measured in 39 male university judoists before（pre value） and after 2 hours of unified exercise loading. Increases in myogenic enzymes were confirmed after the exercise, which suggested that the muscular tissue damage and degeneration was caused by the exercise itself. Neutrophil count and OBA increased and PA decreased after exercise. The amount of change （post value – pre value） of OBA showed a negative correlation with LDH and AST （P<0.01 all） and that of PA displayed a positive relationship with LDH and AST （P<0.05 all）. Following the muscle damage, neutrophil PA may have increased due to increased biological detritus by phagocytosis such as muscle fragments. The reason for OBA movement against muscle damage（negatively correlated） may be due to the results of compensating OBA and PA e.g. increased OBA and decreased PA, or decreased OBA and increased PA.
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| 15.
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Chiba, Yoshinobu ; Umeda, Takashi ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Iwane, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Koeda, Shuhei ; Hirakawa, Yuichi ; Kai, Tomohiko ; Sato, Hiromichi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki
概要:
In order to assess 6-month periodisation of top university ekiden runner, the changes of muscle fatigue and immune funct
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ions of 17 male university ekiden runners were investigated in each training period. The investigation was carried out during the normal training period （6 months before the race）, before and after the intensive training camp period （3 or 4 months before the race）, at the start of the conditioning period （one month before the race） and at the end of the conditioning period （10 days before the race）. Investigation parameters were myogenic enzymes, serum opsonic activity （SOA） and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）. Neither levels of myogenic enzymes nor immunoglobulins and complements showed any signifi cant changes in each period. The level of SOA signifi cantly decreased after the training camp compared to before, and tended to recover towards the race. SOD levels were signifi cantly higher after the training camp and at the conditioning period compared to before, which might be a reaction against the oxidative stress induced by training. Conclusion, the subjects had good physical management during the training periods prior to the race from the standpoint of muscle fatigue and immune functions. Furthermore, the parameters used in this study may be useful to assess runners’ physical condition during a long season of training.
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| 16.
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Watanabe, Kiyotaka ; Takahashi, Ippei ; Sawada, Kaori ; Okubo, Noriyuki ; Matsuzaka, Masashi ; Akimoto, Naoki ; Umeda, Takashi ; Nakaji, Shigeyuki ; Hisada, Takayoshi ; Benno, Yoshimi
概要:
In recent years, Lactobacillales in gut microbiota have been suggested to be in association with obesity. The aim of thi
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s study was to investigate a relationship among obesity, serum cholesterol and gut microbiota in Japanese community inhabitants. Subjects included 613 inhabitants （249 males and 364 females）, who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2007. The gut mircofl ora extracted from faeces were investigated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） method and allocated to 28 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）. Proportions of OUT332 （Lactobacillales） in gut microbiota were compared among strata of percentages of body fat and serum cholesterol after the subjects were stratifi ed by them. These comparisons were performed in the subjects who were 65 years old and <65 years old, respectively. In women who were 65 years old, proportions of OTU332 （Lactobacillales） in the lowest stratum of body fat, serum level of total and LDL cholesterol were the highest in their strata. A large proportion of Lactobacillales in gut microbiota might reduce absorption of cholesterol, leading to a decrease in body fat of them.
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